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In Chechnya, mass graves containing hundreds of corpses have been uncovered since the beginning of the Chechen wars in 1994. As of June 2008, there were 57 registered locations of mass graves in Chechnya.〔 According to Amnesty International, thousands may be buried in unmarked graves including up to 5,000 civilians who disappeared since the beginning of the Second Chechen War in 1999.〔(Amnesty International Issues Reports on Disappearances ), The Jamestown Foundation, May 24, 2007〕 In 2008, the largest mass grave found to date was uncovered in Grozny, containing some 800 bodies from the First Chechen War in 1995.〔(Russia: Chechen Mass Grave Found ), Agence France-Presse, June 21, 2008〕 Russia's general policy to the Chechen mass graves is to not exhume them.〔 ==Summary== In a (March 2001 report ), Human Rights Watch (HRW) has documented eight unmarked graves in Chechnya, all of which were discovered in 2000 and 2001; HRW has also documented eight cases in which dead bodies were simply dumped by roadsides, on hospital grounds or elsewhere. The Memorial Human Rights Center also has documented numerous cases. The majority of the bodies showed close-range bullet wounds, typical of summary executions, and signs of mutilation (examinations of some of these bodies by doctors have revealed that some of the mutilations were inflicted while the detainees were still alive,〔(The "Dirty War" In Chechnya ), Human Rights Watch, March 2001〕 indicating that the victims were also severely tortured). On March 29, 2001, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), Mary Robinson, called for a thorough investigation of the mass grave sites in Chechnya. In a statement given to the 57th session of the UNHCR, Robinson stated that the mass graves "must be followed up and thoroughly investigated."〔(Burying The Evidence ), Human Rights Watch, May 2001〕 In 2003, residents and human rights campaigners alleged that fragments of blown-up bodies were being found all over the war-ruined region. The critics alleged that rather than put a stop to the human rights violations, the military appeared to be doing its best to hide them.〔 Families were reported to paying ransom to Russian troops for bodies.〔(Tracing the disappeared in Chechnya; Families often pay ransom to Russian troops for bodies ), ''San Francisco Chronicle'', July 8, 2001〕 On March 31, 2003, the Russian government's human rights commissioner Oleg Mironov called on the authorities to open the mass burial sites in Chechnya to identify the bodies and establish the reasons for their deaths, "and then bury them as humans deserve." At the same time, Mironov rejected the proposal by Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) to establish an international tribunal to investigate alleged war crimes committed in Chechnya.〔(RUSSIAN OMBUDSMAN CALLS FOR INVESTIGATION OF CHECHEN MASS GRAVES ), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 03-04-01〕 On June 16, 2005, the local pro-Russian government announced that there were 52 mass graves in Chechnya.〔(Russia: Pro-Moscow Chechen Official Confirms Atrocities ), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 June 2005〕 The chairman of the Chechen government committee for civil rights, Nurdi Nukhazhiyev, was quoted by ITAR-TASS news agency as saying that the graves have not been opened, so the total number of dead was difficult to determine.〔(Chechen government admits civilians buried in mass graves ), ''The Guardian'', June 16, 2005〕 By 2005, AI estimated that up to 5,000 people who had disappeared since 1999, out of the population of roughly one million, were still missing.〔(Russian Federation: Russian police officer found guilty of crimes against the civilian population in the Chechen Republic ), Amnesty International, 31 March 2005〕 As of 2008, exhuming and identifying the bodies in almost 60 identified but unopened mass burial sites remains a problem. European human rights organizations are financing the construction of a laboratory to identify the bodies.〔(The brutal biography of Chechnya's Ramzan Kadyrov ), ''Los Angeles Times'', June 17, 2008〕 It is not unusual for reconstruction crews in Grozny to run across collections of bodies, and some of them have been quietly moved to make room for the rebuilding.〔(A vexing reminder of war in Chechnya's booming capital ), ''International Herald Tribune'', April 29, 2008〕 According to the pro-Moscow Chechen government, 4,825 people disappeared, without a trace, in the republic from 1994 to July 2008.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mass graves in Chechnya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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